You’ve probably heard the term PFAS — but what exactly are they, and why are they shaking up the water industry?
PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are a large group of man-made chemicals used in nonstick coatings, waterproof fabrics, and firefighting foams. They’ve been around for decades, but only recently have we begun to understand just how persistent — and harmful — they can be.
The “Forever Chemicals” Problem
PFAS don’t break down easily. Once released into the environment, they can travel through soil, water, and air — eventually ending up in groundwater, rivers, and even our bloodstreams.
That’s why they’re often called forever chemicals. They stick around.
Studies have linked long-term PFAS exposure to increased risks of certain cancers, thyroid disease, developmental effects in children, and immune system impacts. For water operators, that means this isn’t just a chemical issue — it’s a trust issue.
Why Water Systems Are Facing New Pressure
In 2024, the U.S. EPA set its first-ever national drinking water standards for PFAS, targeting compounds like PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, PFHxS, and GenX.
The new limits are extremely low — measured in parts per trillion. That means even trace amounts can trigger violations, forcing systems to act fast to stay compliant.
For smaller systems, this can feel overwhelming. But awareness is the first step toward action.
How PFAS Enters Water Systems
PFAS contamination can come from:
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Industrial runoff or wastewater discharges
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Landfills and biosolids used as fertilizer
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Firefighting foam near airports or training sites
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Consumer products that leach PFAS over time
Once it enters a watershed or aquifer, PFAS moves quickly — and is extremely difficult to remove with standard treatment methods.
Treatment Options That Work
The good news? Effective technologies do exist.
The most common treatment options include:
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Granular Activated Carbon (GAC): traps PFAS compounds through adsorption.
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Ion Exchange (IX) Resins: chemically bind PFAS for removal.
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Reverse Osmosis (RO): highly effective but energy-intensive; often used for smaller systems or point-of-use applications.
Each technology has trade-offs in cost, maintenance, and waste management — which is why proper pilot testing and lifecycle planning are essential.
Looking Ahead: Beyond PFAS
PFAS are just one part of a larger conversation about emerging contaminants — substances like pharmaceuticals, microplastics, and personal care products that slip through traditional treatment systems.
As detection methods improve, more of these compounds will enter the regulatory spotlight. The future of safe water depends on adaptability — knowing what’s coming next and investing early in solutions that can evolve.
Final Thoughts
PFAS challenges every part of the water industry — from source protection to treatment design to public communication.
At BCG Water, we help systems stay ahead of the curve with data-driven testing strategies, pilot studies, and long-term treatment planning. Because protecting public health starts with understanding what’s invisible but inevitable.
👉 Need help evaluating PFAS risks or preparing for compliance? Contact us today.
